1:37 pm By Ema

Witness Free Two-Minute Wedding Ceremony |Easy!

Witness Free Two-Minute Wedding Ceremony

In California, you can have a witness free wedding ceremony that can be as short as two minutes and fulfill the legal requirements to file your marriage license.

Witness Free

Public Marriage License | Confidential Marriage License

California is the only state that offers both a regular public marriage license and a confidential marriage license. So what is the difference between these different marriage license?

Public Marriage License

When your public marriage license is recorded it becomes public information. Which means that anyone can view your information.

When a public marriage license is signed, one witness signature is required to file your marriage license.

Confidentail Marriage License

However, when you have a confidential marriage license recorded it is private and not publicly available. The only way for people to get the information is to request it directly from you.

When a confidential marriage license is signed by the officiant, no witness signature is required to file your marriage license. Apply here.

Two-Minute Wedding Ceremony

For a wedding ceremony to fulfill the legal requirements to file your marriage license you need three elements.

First, the couple declares their intention to be united in marriage. The officiant can ask them to respond to a short statement or the couple can provide their own declaration.
Secondly, the officiant will pronounce you united in marriage.
Thirdly, the officiant will sign the marriage license so it can be filed to be recorded. Along with one witness or none, depending on the marriage license that was purchased.

Easy as 1, 2, 3!

Private, Simple and Fast

Every year a number of couples request an official marriage to fulfill the requirements for filing their marriage license. California offers a perfect solution for couples that want everything private, simple and fast.

Arrange Your Witness Free Two-Minute Wedding

We provide all the details and everything you need to have a witness free two-minute wedding.

12:06 pm By Ema

Wedding Cake | Sweet Bites | The Sweet Life

wedding cake symbolizes sweetness of marriage

The Sweet Life

Wedding Cake | Sweet Bites

In times of old, the groom would break a loaf of bread over his brides head to symbolize fertility. Moving right along through time this break breaking morphed into a sweet cake for the bride and a sweet cake for the groom. So now the symbolism was marked with fertility and prosperity. Perhaps in today’s world, the cake is a symbol of sweetness you will share in your married life together. Because it is the first sweet you share as husband and wife.

The First Shared Sweet As Husband And Wife

However, when considering a wedding cake for just the bride and groom it’s obvious the couple would not want a multilayer wedding cake. Even with a hand full of family or friends, it’s easy to understand why the bride and groom is not usually interested in the multilayer wedding cake.

Many bakers will not make a small wedding cake because the time involved is too intensive for the cost of such a small cake. For the bride and groom, the cost is still very high. Perhaps symbolizing the high cost of the sweet life.

The Sweet Life

The sweet life can be symbolized by sharing any sweet treat. So even one cupcake shared has all the sweetness needed to symbolize the sweetness of married life together. Because it’s all about the sharing of a sweet, the first sweet as husband and wife and having this moment symbolize more sweetness to come.

So viewed in this light many sweet treats can be considered. Two decadent chocolate truffles. A shared bite of your favorite sweet treat, perhaps you are both really pie fans. Or perhaps great grandma’s fudge recipe will provide generational blessings on the sweetness of your married life.

History and tradition are very personal expressions. History is marked with the traditions your family has shared. You now join that history with your own unique expression of what brings wealth to your heart. So sweeten your wedding day with what is truly sweet for you both and mark your passage through history.

Sweets That Travel Through Time

However to avoid disappointment you would want to consider how your sweets travel through time. For instance, putting a couple small chocolates in your handbag on a hot summer day may require a spoon to serve. Many couples make their reservations for their wedding celebration and plan for a sweet treat to be served after their first meal together as husband and wife.

The point is to keep it simple to avoid unfulfilled expectations. Keep it simply sweet and have a sweet life together.

1:42 pm By Ema

First Glance Revealed

First Glance

First Glance Revealed

It’s called the “Reveal” the first moment the bride and groom see each other before they become husband and wife. Emotion’s can be overwhelming for one or both the bride and the groom. It can be an intimate moment between just the two of you or a public moment when you are being witnessed. It can also be a photo opportunity or not. It’s up to you.

Private~Before The Ceremony

The bride and groom share an intimate moment together before the ceremony. This can take place fifteen minutes or so before you are transported to your ceremony venue.

Before hand, find a suitable place for this to happen either at home or at the lodging. Have the groom face one direction and the bride enter’s from behind the groom. When you are ready have the groom turn around.

Outdoor Wedding Venue’s

The outdoor venue’s offered rarely offer an effective way to experience the first glance. There is no aisle per say, and often no way to orchestrate the timing effectively. The outdoor venue’s listed on this site are not conducive to the first glance and first glance is not offered at the outdoor venue’s. When using one these venue’s I recommend a private meeting before the ceremony.

Public~Walking Down The Aisle

The tradition of a public first glance during the ceremony began in a church. As the bride begins her walk down the aisle, the bride and groom see each other for the first time before coming husband and wife.

This tradition works perfectly in a traditional setting. All the chapel’s provide a perfect setting for walking down the aisle and having the “Reveal” happen at the foot of the aisle. It’s been done many times and works well. Other indoor venue’s also work well for an aisle “Reveal”.

Consider The Venue

Consider the different venue’s you will be using the day of your wedding and select the most effective and easy way to share your first glance. Make it simple and sweet to watch your memories unfold. The focus of the day is becoming husband and wife. Arrive your wonderful self and say; “I Do!” It really can be that simple.

7:49 pm By Ema

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time?

The Best Time Of Day For An Outdoor Wedding Ceremony In The Bay Area

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time Of Day?

Are you planning an outdoor wedding in the San Francisco Bay Area? Here are planning tips for an outdoor wedding ceremony, best time. Are you wondering what the best time of day is? Here are tips for planning your outdoor wedding ceremony, for the best time of day, the best time of year and the best months of the year.

We have offered outdoor ceremonies in the San Francisco Bay Area for over twenty years. San Francisco’s weather pattern is unique and well worth planning around for the best option. Couples enjoy outdoor wedding ceremonies year round in the Bay Area.

There are a few things to consider for your outdoor wedding ceremony; the weather patterns, the time of day, the time of year, the day of the week as well as traffic patterns.

San Francisco Season’s Of The Year

What season of the year are you considering for your wedding?

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time Of Year

Couples marry outdoors all year-long in the Bay Area. Taking into account the weather patterns will make all the difference on your wedding day.

Each season brings its own weather pattern. Being a coastal city, San Francisco has a wind pattern all year. The early morning can be still and as the day precedes the winds increase.

Planning around the wind makes all the difference. The calmest time of the day is in the am. The winds begin near 10 am and increases as the day precede. The wind pattern is constant all year. Winds can easily be as high as 50 miles an hour near 5 pm.

Winter is the rainy season in California. Many couples opt to marry outdoor’s during the winter in San Francisco. During the winter you want to catch the warmth of the day, which is usually near 1 pm. Planning a backup location provides peace of mind. The only time of year that can be risky is the rainy season. The winter can provide a time of year with less wind but also less warmth for the bride.

Summer’s fog pattern is what makes San Francisco so magical. Some couples love to arrive at the Golden Gate Bridge half covered in fog. Some couples what to arrive after the fog as lifted. The fog usually rounds back before or near noon. Making the best time of day 1 pm, before the winds become stronger.

Spring and Fall include the wind pattern. To avoid the high winds the calmest time of day is between 10 am and 1 pm.

On the coast and in the bay area next to the water’s edge with the Golden Gate Bridge in the background has a stronger wind pattern all year. Sunset brings the strongest winds most of the time. So strong that the bride will most likely have to carry her veil in her hand rather than wear it. The point is, the winds need to be considered for the most comfortable option. The high winds can be very cold for a bride.

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time Of Day

By planning around the wind, fog, and traffic in San Francisco you can experience the best this romantic city has to offer. In the summer months the fog rolls in and out of the bay. Planning around the fog makes the best time of day at 1:00 pm. Planning around the winds of the city makes 10 am to 1 pm the best option for a wedding ceremony. And in the winter to catch the warmth of the day 1 pm again takes the cake.

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Day Of The Week

Monday through Thursday provides the outdoor venues with fewer people about. A quieter relaxed environment. During the weekend’s the outdoor wedding locations are busy with people enjoying the sights. On Monday through Thursday couples usually, experience less congestion. It really feels sweet on the weekdays rather than a bustle of activity that takes place on the weekends.

Traffic Pattern’s To Consider

Do you want to sit in traffic on your wedding day? Or have your guest stuck in traffic? You can still plan around the traffic in the Bay Area.

Traffic patterns have become something to consider. On the weekend, the later in the day you wait the more people there are out and about. Parking is harder and traffic around the bridge can easily cause a 30-minute delay. During the week you most likely want to avoid the computer traffic patterns. Making the best time of day between 11 am and 1 pm.

The Best Of The Best

Any time of year near 1 pm Monday through Thursday offers the best option’s for a relaxed environment, best weather option and the less amount of traffic to deal with. Plan for an effortless day by using this information. Brides have often commented that they hear what I said regarding the winds, but did not get it. Unfortunately, it is too late on the day of the wedding to make changes. Plan ahead for the perfect options on your wedding day.

Extra Benefit

A mid-day wedding is also easier on the budget as a brunch can be planned rather than a dinner. It also offers the most budget-friendly option for your wedding day. It’s easier to get up a little early than to fight the crowds later in the day. Check out our wedding blog for more tips on Wedding Planning Made Easy.

5:48 pm By Ema

Wedding Timeline Tips

On The Way To The Altar

Wedding Timeline Tips~Love Is In The Details

An unhurried sense of time is in itself a form of wealth.

In the many years, I’ve offered wedding packages to couples, I’ve noticed how time can get the best of us and how planning our time creates the sweetest memories unfolding effortlessly.

These tips will assist you with a stress-free wedding day. On your way to the altar, time can move at warp speed and emotions can pull attention away from the details. The most graceful approach to time is found in the details. As they say; “Love Is In The Details”

Before Your Wedding Day

Think about your timeline and plan extra time for possible delays. If children are with you, plan time for the many unexpected moments that can happen for little ones.

If you’re having a location wedding, arrive dressed to avoid getting dressed in a public restroom. If you plan to dress on site arrive one hour early, some sites have a place to change and some do not. It’s best to avoid the unexpected by arriving dressed and ready for your wedding ceremony.

Finalize Wedding Day Details

One week before your wedding confirm the time and place of your wedding. Connect via email with each contracted vendor and guest. Include the time and address and any travel or parking information required.

If there have been changes made during the planning of your wedding, it’s important to reaffirm the current information so everyone is on the same page. Sending a short note on where and when can be very helpful.

I have heard the guest comment that the information didn’t seem important when they receive it too far in advance. Avoid last minute changes, make all changes no later than a week before your wedding.

Create a checklist for details that need addressing the week before your wedding. Adding them to your calendar provides a timeline for them to be finished. This provides mental relief and helps you sleep through the night.

It’s Already Done

Being prepared involves planning ahead. When your wedding day arrives everything already needs to be done. Make your communications clear beforehand so you don’t need to orchestrate anything on your wedding day.

Have the car packed if you can. Have everything laid out and ready. This way on your wedding day, you can focus on your experience rather than the doing.

Have your wedding rings and marriage license with you in a handy place, or put someone in charge of these items.

Wedding Attire Rehearsal

Often when the bride and groom are eloping or having a destination wedding the bride is alone to get dressed. The best way to create ease is by doing a dress rehearsal. Adorn yourself completely to see if you need to make any changes before your wedding. In this way, you will have the time you need to address them.

It is also very helpful for the groom to think through his attire. Sometimes a groom will opt to wear a bow tie but on the day of the wedding, he doesn’t know how to tie a bow tie as he doesn’t usually wear them. Put it all together before your wedding day.

Beginning Your Wedding Day

If you were going to get up at 8 am make it 7 am to give yourself extra time for unexpected delays. In this way, you can move through time with ease and grace. Give yourself the gift of extra time. It all goes so quickly it’s a nice way to savor it all as you go along.

Understanding How Long It Takes

When planning your time, take into account time to get to your appointments and time to travel. Understand how long your hair will take if you’re getting it done. If it’s your first time with a new stylist plan extra time and provides as many visuals as you can to communicate your desires. Plan the minimum of one hour plus walking or travel time.

Plan another slot of time for makeup, usually 40 minutes. The biggest issue with time is making the schedule too tight. Plan time for each step.

Plan another slot for dressing. Think through the additional steps required and allow ample time for each.

Travel Time

Begin with directions in hand. Provide them to the driver and your guest. If you are making a stop on the way, plan on 45 minutes to make this stop. You will need time to find the location, park, wait, pay and so on.

A wrong turn can easily involve a fifteen-minute delay. Plan a minimum of 30 minutes extra time for traffic delays.

Your Love Day

Be here now, this is your moment. You are creating your memories together, this is the time to focus on your shared love.

Whatever happens, is meant to be…it’s all a part of your story. Reserve disappointment and anger for another time. Don’t let a temporary feeling get in the way of your ceremony.

May your happiness be your joy. This is your love day!

Wedding Day=Sense Of Entitlement

11:34 am By Ema

My SF Wedding Mission Statement

We Do!

My SF Wedding~Mission Statement

We create memories that last a lifetime. You can count on us to simplify your wedding day with information, resources, services and packaged solutions that are value driven and cost effective.

It’s easy to select a wedding venue that suits the size of your group.
It’s fun to pick a wedding package that includes the elements you want for your wedding day.
Click to check out and click to sign the online contract.
With a simple three way call we discuss all your wedding day details.
On your wedding day arrive dressed for effortless memories.

Have it done for you! You can count on us to simplify your wedding day and to also create memories that last a lifetime.

Flowers For The Bride

Ema was a joy to work with. She is extremely organized, proactively communicative, and set very clear expectations from the outset. We couldn’t have asked for a smoother preparation process, ceremony, or photography session. Ema demonstrates a true caring for her clients, and we would recommend her services for anyone planning a wedding. Ema exceeded our expectations! Bob & Alison

10:01 am By Ema

SF Wedding Planning Recommendations

San Francisco Neighborhoods

SF Wedding Planning Recommendations

Local Resources For Your Wedding Day

Marriage License Appointment

San Francisco City Hall requires an appointment for your marriage licence, which can be booked 90 days in advance. Click here for marriage license information which includes a link to make your appointment. A confidential license does not require a witness to sign, a public license requires one witness to sign.

Wedding Dinner Celebration

Here are some restaurants you may consider for your celebration.The restaurants have been selected via view and private dining rooms options.

Hotel Lodging In SF

Romantic San Francisco Honeymoon Suites. When asked about San Francisco lodging these are the ones that come to mind. It just depends on the area in the city you want to be in.

Shopping For Wedding Rings In SF

Included in this post is a map for the jewelry stores in San Francisco. Many options are offered to the romantic at heart!

First Glance Reveled

The first shared moment before you become husband and wife. Some helpful suggestions for outdoor weddings and your first glance.

Wedding Package Ceremony Options

The wedding package includes an option of a Traditional Wedding Ceremony or a Contemporary Wedding Ceremony. You can also order a Personalized Wedding Ceremony for an additional fee.

Personal Wedding Vows

There is no pressure to write personal vows. If you would like to share personal vows, just let me know so I can open the ceremony up so that you can. One of you can share personal vows or both of you. Whatever works for you both.

Flowers For The Bride & Groom

We offer rose bouquets as they offer a beautiful splash of color, hold up to the wear of the day and provide a sweet scent. Please provide three different colors options for your flowers.

Wedding Photography With My SF Wedding Packages

When ordering a photography package, you can order the photo session without jpegs or you can order both the photo session and the jpegs. Please review the wedding photography information on the website. A thirty photo session includes your images being displayed for your review via an online gallery. On that gallery you can order prints, etc. If you would like to order the jpegs via a package that is available. Or you can order just a few via the gallery.

SF Wedding Day Weather

San Francisco has a weather pattern of summer fog in the bay. Here you can watch the fog round in and out of the bay. Check here for your wedding day on the day before. During this time of year, the best time of day is between 11-1 pm. The goal is to have the fog rounded out of the bay and to be on site before the heavy afternoon winds.

Guide For The Outdoor Bride

All the little things you wish you knew before your wedding day. For comfort and ease check out our 3 Part Guide For The Outdoor Bride.

Robert & Jaquelin’s Wedding Video

My SF Wedding Officiant Ema Drouillard

Let me know if you would like any other recommendations for your wedding day. You are invited to post your questions below.

3:55 pm By Ema

Romantic Wedding Ceremony iPod Music

Sounds To Soothe The Heart

Heart Strings

I’m often asked about music for the wedding ceremony. My personal favorites are solo string themes. I like the same music in person that I appreciate via iPod.

The harp’s heavenly sound.
The piano string filled melodies.
The guitar’s soothing earthy tones.

Music at a wedding smooths nerves and brings one more into the moment. Whether you’re inside or outside an iPod can provide soft sounds on your wedding day. If you’re using your iPod on your wedding day, you’re welcome to queue up this page for your wedding day ceremony. Or share this page with your DJ.

Michelle Sell is one of my favorite harpist serving the San Francisco Bay Area. Following are some examples of romantic wedding ceremony iPod music ideas.

To order a musician with any wedding package click here.

Take a minute to leave a note if this information assisted you in assembling your romantic wedding ceremony music. Or comment if you used this music for your wedding day.

May sweet melodies fill your heart on your wedding day.

8:47 pm By Ema

Wedding Photography By Friends

Family, Friends or A Professional?

Wedding Photography By Friends And Family

Perhaps a well intended friend has requested to shoot your wedding day. Or a beloved family member has their heart set on doing so. If you had your heart set on a professional photographer you might come up with ways to include everyone.

Who Will Photograph Our Wedding?

Often this can be the first time a couple hires a professional photographer. The difference between a hobbyist and a professional photographer is the same as a piano teacher vs a concert pianist. You can’t really compare them. Your wedding images will be a part of your family legacy’s. Your children’s great-grandchildren will be viewing your love story for years to come.

A professional photographer will not only understand the issues of lighting and framing but will also assist with poses that look and feel fun and natural. So you end up with images that tell your story.

What’s So Special About Location Photography?

It can be a huge advantage to have a photographer that has photographed at the wedding location before. Each time a photographer shoots at a location their eye develops greater expertise, which becomes a major plus for images that touch the heart for years to come. Understanding how to work in the light under the location conditions is a real advantage to you and your memories.

How Many Image’s Will We Get?

Typically professional wedding photographer’s deliver 50-100 photos for every hour of coverage they provide.

Why Is Wedding Photography Expensive?

Most full-time wedding photographers carry thousands of dollars worth of camera gear. Most carry backup camera gear as well. After the shoot, it can take hours just to edit your wedding images and to prepare them for viewing. Add insurance, taxes, software, advertising, running a business, albums, repair, shipping, and software expenses, and it all begins to add up. Most photographers are not wealthy, the non-ending cost of education, equipment, marketing and software keep photographers with lower incomes. Most do it for the love of the image.

What’s more stressful than a wedding day. It’s a huge pressure to deliver images in today’s technological world. A wedding happens in the moment and emotions need to be captured in the light available. The challenges of wedding photography include; lighting, angle, backgrounds, people in the foreground or background, time of day light, weather and so much more. What would you charge to take on this responsibility?

Shoot And Burn Photography?

Shoot and burn photography includes the data on an external drive usually right after the shoot itself. Most professional photographers will insist on providing the full service by editing down images with closed eyes, or poor design, etc. By providing you with edited images to view together. When a bride is feeling her most beautiful it can be disheartening to edit the wedding images. When you hire a professional you are also hiring their editing skills to make you look your very best.

Will Our Images Be Photoshopped?

Usually photoshop is an additional fee unless you have purchased Photoshop editing at the time of booking. Photoshop can take hours, it is usually billed by the hour to Photoshop wedding images. The best practice is to have things the way you want them. If you don’t want it in the frame…remove it.

What About Tipping The Photographer?

While tipping is not required or expected they are always appreciated. Who doesn’t like to be acknowledged. Writing a review of the best part of the service provided is also a way to acknowledge a photographer for a great job.

My SF Wedding Wedding Photographer~Ema

I have had the pure pleasure of creating legacy wedding photography for over ten years. Covering the landmark locations of the San Francisco Bay Area. The wedding packages offered provide a budget friendly way to enjoy your wedding photography for years to come.

7:37 pm By Ema

Essential Bridal Bouquet Ergonomics

Think Comfort

My Personal Experience With Bridal Bouquets

I’ve been a bride and I have photographed hundreds of brides on their wedding day. For over ten years I have made hand-tied bouquets for many of the brides I photograph. It’s from watching the brides over the years that I offer you this information for your wedding day. It’s always helpful to have the information before hand rather than after your wedding day.

The Essential Bridal Bouquet Ergonomics

The ergonomics of a bridal bouquet make all the difference in the comfort of the day for the bride. Make the bouquet too heavy and the bride will find ways to lay it down or pass it off. Most brides would like their wedding photography to include their flowers but when they are too heavy they are usually not around. Here are the essential things to consider for the ergonomic comfort of your bridal bouquet on your wedding day.

Essential Ergonomics For Your Bridal Bouquet

Weight
Size
Length Of Stems
Hand-Tied

Thumbs UP!

Ergonomic Weight Of Your Bridal Bouquet

To keep your bouquet as light as possible will indeed keep you happy on your wedding day. One way to do this is to have the flowers opening rather than closed. Softly opened buds weight less in the hand than buds. I specialize in rose bridal bouquets and usually get four dozen roses to make a bridal bouquet. Flowers don’t open on command but with a little planning they often do. I get the flowers two to three days before the wedding, hoping they will softly open. When they do softly open the flowers used are lightweight and very comfortable for the bride to hold, usually resulting in about three dozen roses in the bridal bouquet.

The Perfect Bouquet

Ergonomic Size Of Your Bridal Bouquet

Brides are often asked if they want 8 – 12″ round bouquets. Hard to image unless you get out a tape measure and see for yourself. I would advise to always error on the side of smaller. A bridal bouquet can hide your silhouette…your waistline. Most brides have gone to great lengths to find the perfect gown and most really don’t want to hide the whole front of the gown with flowers. If the bride is petite and 8″ bouquet is large enough. Small is better, the eye should go to you…not your flowers. The flowers are just an accent of color.

Ergonomic Length Of Your Bridal Bouquet Stems

Here is where inches matter. When the stems are left too long they are difficult to hold and they often extend the length of the torso, once again covering up the bride rather than offering an accent of color. Keep the stems under 12″ for the best look. Bouquets that sit lay in the arm like a child rather than being able to be held in your hand often get in the way in photography. Any bouquet that streams down is also not very ergonomic to hold. It hurts the wrist in short order.

Long Stems Or Short Stems?

Ergonomics Of Holding Your Bouquet

If a holder is used, it is weighted with water and the handle can be too narrow for a nice ergonomic fit. The most perfect fit I have seen and I use is the hand-tied bouquet without a water weighted holder. When the bouquet is made fresh on your wedding day this should not be an issue with roses. Other flowers can wilt very quickly and show bruising on the petals. I have not seen a more comfortable fit for the bride than a hand-tied bouquet. As long as the bouquet is not too big and heavy. If the bride has a ring size of 5, the stems need to be tied tight and small for comfort.

Click Here For Bridal Bouquet Color Tips

Wedding bouquets were originally made of strong herbs like thyme and garlic to frighten away evil spirits.

San Francisco: Quick & Easy Weddings, Big Love, Budget Friendly

Witness Free Two-Minute Wedding Ceremony |Easy!

Witness Free Two-Minute Wedding Ceremony

Witness Free

Public Marriage License | Confidential Marriage License

Two-Minute Wedding Ceremony

Private, Simple and Fast

Arrange Your Witness Free Two-Minute Wedding

Wedding Cake | Sweet Bites | The Sweet Life

Wedding Cake | Sweet Bites

The First Shared Sweet As Husband And Wife

The Sweet Life

Sweets That Travel Through Time

First Glance Revealed

First Glance Revealed

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time?

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time Of Day?

San Francisco Season’s Of The Year

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time Of Year

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Time Of Day

Outdoor Wedding Ceremony, Best Day Of The Week

Wedding Timeline Tips

My SF Wedding Mission Statement

SF Wedding Planning Recommendations

Romantic Wedding Ceremony iPod Music

Wedding Photography By Friends

Essential Bridal Bouquet Ergonomics

Creating Timeless Wedding Memories – Stress-Free

Hours & Info

Featured Post

Your Guide To Being An Outdoor Bride~Part 3

Your Guide To Being an Outdoor Bride~Part 2

Wedding Officiant Video